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Software |
Overview | Section Design |
Beam Design |
Analysis | Masonry Arch Analysis |
Benefits | Hardware Requirements |
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Section Design |
Beam Design |
Analysis |
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| Typical User: Structural/Bridge engineers needing day-to-day design tools |
Typical User: Bridge engineers needing project specific design tools |
Typical User: Structural engineers needing powerful analysis tools, and bridge engineers needing extra tools for bridge analysis and traffic load optimization. |
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Modules
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Modules
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Modules
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| The section outline, voids, reinforcement and material properties are all defined in module S.01,
which then calculates general section properties as well as those special properties required by various international standards. S.01 is the basic building block of the SAM-LEAP5 suite, because the sections it defines are used for code checking of reinforced concrete sections, and for defining cross sections of beams, which in turn are used to define longitudinal members of bridge decks. S.02 uses differential temperature gradient profiles to calculate relaxing moments and forces and self-equilibrating stresses. S.04 and S.05 use strain compatibility to calculate the stresses and strains in the section arising from moments applied about the X and Y axes, and applied axial loads. They also calculate the available bending or axial load capacity. Crack widths are calculated where appropriate. Module S.06 calculates the torsion constant "C" using Prandtl's membrane analogy solved using finite difference equations. It is particularly powerful as it allows for continuous edges, as well as catering for any number of voids. It also calculates the shear properties. S.07 calculates the amount of reinforcement required to control early thermal cracking. |
These modules provide code checking in accordance with a number of design codes. The section properties used in the
code checking are calculated from section module S.01. They integrate with the structural analysis modules in order to produce fast
iterations on the analysis/design cycle. Detailed hand-calculation style reports are produced wherever possible. Beams can have multiple cross-sections, multiple stages of construction and multiple material properties. All these variations are accounted for when calculation section properties and, in the case of the integrated analysis, member stiffness. Beam sections can be defined using standard pre-defined beams (such as "Y" beams), or any sections defined using the tools of section module S.01. |
These modules analyse bridge structures in order to determine the moments and shears they should be designed to resist. The analytical models for determining these range from simple line beams, through grillages and space frames, to finite element analysis with 3 and 4 node shell elements. The live load optimisation routines are based on influence surface technology, and are fully compliant with the current loading codes. The unique benefit of these modules lies in the productivity realized by integrating with the beam modules. Because the geometric and material properties of the beam are known to the system, the dead load effects are easily calculated using line beam analysis (since there is little transverse distribution of load at this stage). The structure is usually defined in terms of longitudinal members corresponding to pre-defined beams, and the deck slab may be either part of the grillage, or a separate finite element mesh. This means that the engineer does not have to calculate member properties at all, and this saves considerable time and removes much scope for errors. It is important to note that the section module S.01, and the beam modules B.01, B.03 and B.04 can be used to define sections and beams for use as input data to the analysis modules, without them being licensed. To create an envelope of (say) worst moments for a beam, the engineer merely indicates a beam, and requests the live load optimiser to create the worst loads and to envelope the worst results. For similar beams, envelopes of envelopes can be created. After the analysis the envelope is transferred to the beam module for code checking. The time saved in this very simple, yet powerful, integrated approach is enormous. Although so much of the data input is automated in the interests of productivity, it is still possible to control the whole process. For example, a complex model may be created in a CAD system and imported into SAM-LEAP5, the member properties assigned by hand, and loads placed by hand too. If it is required to place a particular load in a critical location for a particular point in the structure, this too is possible using an influence surface. |
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